Propagation Directions of High‐Frequency Waves in the Ionosphere
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere from ground‐based transmitters can be measured in the ionosphere by crossed dipoles in a single cold‐plasma mode. In the Enhanced Polar Output Probe (e‐POP), 6‐m dipoles on the Radio Receiver Instrument connect to a high input impedance and act therefore as voltage probes from which the electric field of incoming waves can be simply computed. When combined with cold‐magnetoplasma electric‐field theory, the relationship of voltages on the two orthogonal dipoles is used to deduce the direction of arrival of an incoming wave in three dimensions. The technique is illustrated by application to e‐POP/Radio Receiver Instrument observations of 6.2‐MHz waves transmitted by the European Incoherent Scatter HF facility in Tromsø, Norway.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it