Rapidly increasing body mass index among children, adolescents and young adults in a transitioning population, South Africa, 2008–15
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Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;
- Date
- 10/29/2018 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Abstract
Background: There is a global epidemic of overweight and obesity; however, this rate of increase is even greater in some low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). South Africa (SA) is undergoing rapid socioeconomic and demographic changes that have triggered a rapid nutrition transition. The paper focuses on the recent rate of change of body mass index (BMI) among children, adolescents and young adults, further stratified by key sociodemographic factors. Methods: We analysed mean BMI of 28 247 individuals (including children) from 7301 households by age and year, from anthropometric data from four national cross-sectional (repeated panel) surveys using non-linear fitted curves and associated 95% confidence intervals. Results: From 2008 to 2015, there was rapid rise in mean BMI in the 6-25 age band, with the highest risk (3-4+ BMI unit increase) among children aged 8-10 years. The increase was largely among females in urban areas and of middle-high socioeconomic standing. Prominent gains were also observed in certain rural areas, with extensive geographical heterogeneity across the country. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a major deviation from the current understanding of patterns of BMI increase, with a rate of increase substantially greater in the developing world context compared with the global pattern. This population-wide effect will have major consequences for national development as the epidemic of related non-communicable disease unfolds, and will overtax the national health care budget. Our refined understanding highlights that risks are further compounded for certain groups/places, and emphasizes that urgent geographical and population-targeted interventions are necessary. These interventions could include a sugar tax, clearer food labelling, revised school feeding programmes and mandatory bans on unhealthy food marketing to children.The scenario unfolding in South Africa will likely be followed in other LMICs.
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The record
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Topic
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- National Science Foundation, United Arab EmiratesUniversity of Cape TownNational Research FoundationCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorInternational Development Research CentreWellcome Trust
- Keywords
- Body mass indexOverweightObesitySocioeconomic statusDemographyMedicineYoung adultEnvironmental healthPopulationLow and middle income countriesIndex (typography)Nutrition transitionPediatricsGerontologyDeveloping countryEconomic growth
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes