An SVM-based framework for detecting DoS attacks in virtualized clouds under changing environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cloud Computing enables providers to rent out space on their virtual and physical infrastructures. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks threaten the ability of the cloud to respond to clients requests, which results in considerable economic losses. The existing detection approaches are still not mature enough to satisfy a cloud-based detection systems requirements since they overlook the changing/dynamic environment, that characterises the cloud as a result of its inherent characteristics. Indeed, the patterns extracted and used by the existing detection models to identify attacks, are limited to the current VMs infrastructure but do not necessarily hold after performing new adjustments according to the pay-as-you-go business model. Therefore, the accuracy of detection will be negatively affected. Motivated by this fact, we present a new approach for detecting DoS attacks in a virtualized cloud under changing environment. The proposed model enables monitoring and quantifying the effect of resources adjustments on the collected data. This helps filter out the effect of adjustments from the collected data and thus enhance the detection accuracy in dynamic environments. Our solution correlates as well VMs application metrics with the actual resources load, which enables the hypervisor to distinguish between benignant high load and DoS attacks. It helps also the hypervisor identify the compromised VMs that try to needlessly consume more resources. Experimental results show that our model is able to enhance the detection accuracy under changing environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".