Bibliographic record
Abstract
British-born church historian John S. Conway died at his home in Vancouver on June 24, 2017 at the age of 87. Conway was best known for his 1968 magisterial study The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933–1945, a detailed account of the history of the Catholic, Protestant, and free churches under National Socialism. In it Conway analyzed the development of Nazi state policies toward the churches and the various factors that shaped the churches’ reactions. It was one of the earliest works to confront the failures of the German churches under National Socialism, challenging the hagiography that dominated the literature at that time. Even earlier, Conway’s 1965 essay on the record of Pope Pius XII brought him into the international controversy about the Pope’s failure to speak out about the mass murder of Europe’s Jews.1 Coming in the wake of Rolf Hochhuth’s play The Deputy, the essay exemplified the characteristics of Conway’s scholarship: stubborn realism and a nuanced (if sometimes acerbic) approach to the complexities of history. Conway rejected easy rationalizations of the churches’ complicity, but he also criticized what he viewed as unrealistic assumptions that its leaders might have stopped National Socialism had they behaved differently. He wrote at a time when many scholars emphasized the totalitarian nature of the Nazi regime, and this shaped his analysis of the realistic options for resistance. He believed that the First World War and its aftermath were crucial for understanding what happened in Germany after 1933. He was also deeply influenced by his Anglican faith, and always approached the history of the churches with an understanding of the theological complexities as well as the political and historical ones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.125 | 0.069 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".