Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Naval operators commonly report that when projectiles impact the ocean surface, they ricochet mainly to the right but that some rounds ricochet in wildly unpredictable directions. This observation, which leads to considerable uncertainty with regard to the resulting hazard zone for projectiles fired at sea, seems contradictory to observations from controlled experiments where projectiles with similar incident angles tend to ricochet in a more predictable manner. In this paper, we postulate that the likely cause of the discrepancy is ocean waves. Past work examining the effect of waves on ricochet is extended to model the risk area related to projectile ricochet at sea. Ricochet results from controlled experiments are incorporated into a simple model that combines a two-degree-of-freedom ballistic model and a series of analytically derived wave fields with different amplitudes and directions of travel. For the purposes of demonstration in this paper, data for different .50 calibre projectiles are used to populate the model. The results support the notion that waves have a considerable effect on ricochet hazard zones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it