First report of strawberry crinivirus 3 and strawberry crinivirus 4 on strawberry in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is grown in almost all regions of China. As a result of the rapid expansion in cultivation in recent years, China has become the world's largest strawberry producer (Wu et al., 4). In the past several years, viral diseases have emerged as a serious threat to strawberry production in many countries. To monitor the viral pathogen(s) on strawberry in Fuzhou, Fujian province, China, strawberry plants showing virus-like symptoms were collected from commercial fields in April and May 2016. Small RNAs from 12 strawberry plant samples were isolated and mixed into two pools of sRNAs, each pool representing six plants each. The NEBNext Multiplex Small RNA Library Prep Set was used for sRNA library construction and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was done using a paired-end (2 times 150) configuration on an Illumina MiSeq. NGS reads were trimmed with Trimmomatic (Bolger et al., 2) and assembled with Velvet (EMBL-EBI) and SeqMan software (Lasergene). BlastN (Altschul et al., 1) was used to compare the resulting contigs against the NCBI database. Eleven contigs (ranging from 59 to 293nt) obtained by NGS were found to share 98-100% nucleotide sequence identity with the partial genomic sequence of the putative strawberry crinivirus 3 (SCrV-3) isolate M1 (GenBank Accession No. EU267168) from Maryland, USA. Another nine contigs (ranging from 53 to 115 nt) shared 97-100% nucleotide sequence identity with the partial genomic sequence of a putative strawberry crinivirus 4 (SCrV-4) isolate B1156-M3 (EU490423) also from Maryland, USA. Strawberry vein banding virus, which is already known to infect strawberry in China, was also identified by Blast searches. RT-PCR was used to verify the presence of SCrV-3 and SCrV-4 in the strawberry plants. RT-PCR primers, SCrV3f1 (5'-AGCTTCGTCGCGTTAACGTGGAC-3') and SCrV3r1 (5'-GATTTCGCCTTCACAACGTCATAGTG-3'), were designed from the sequence of a ScrV3 isolate (EU267168) and generated a 1775 bp amplicon from two samples. The cloned and sequenced amplicon shared 99% nucleotide identity with the US SCrV-3 isolate (EU267168), confirming that the virus discovered in this study is SCrV-3. The Chinese isolate was named SCrV-3 FZ (KX852314). RT-PCR primers, SCrV4f1 (5'-AATTCTGATCCTATCCTTAGT-3') and SCrV4r1(5'-TGGTGATTGTGCTACTTCTTTAGC-3'), were designed from the sequence of a ScrV4 isolate (EU490423) and generated a 1452 bp amplicon from three samples. The cloned and sequenced amplicons shared 99% nucleotide identity with the American SCrV-4 isolate, and an isolate (KU237245) recently found in Canada (Ding et al., 3). The Chinese isolate was named SCrV-4 FZ1 (KY488557). A further 90 strawberry plants with virus-like symptoms collected from other regions in Fujian province were tested by RT-PCR for both viruses. SCrV-3 and SCrV-4 were not detected in any sample, suggesting that these viral pathogens are not widespread in this province. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCrV-3 and SCrV-4 on strawberry in China. Further work is needed to determine the occurrence and distribution of SCrV-3 and SCrV-4, and its impact on strawberry production in China.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".