Immigration and Transnational Political Ties: Croatians and Sri Lankan Tamils in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT/RESUME Immigration has spawned the creation of diasporas, ethnonational communities outside their country of origin who maintain symbolic and material links to the homeland. In an effort to better understand the nature of transnational political ties between diaspora and homeland, this article examines Croatians and Sri Lankan Tamils living in Canada. The groups differ in terms of conditions of departure from their homelands, time of migration, and ethnic origins. Yet members of both groups have been highly mobilized in Canada around issues in their homelands by observing and participating in wars for ethnonational autonomy and political independence. In these case studies, the homeland provides the focal point for a displaced diaspora while the diaspora supplies essential resources for the creation and preservation of the nation. The findings of this study raise doubts regarding whether democratic values are transmitted from Canada to homelands undergoing political transition. The findings also indicate the need for further empirical research on the political impact of transnational identities in receiving states. L'immigration a donne naissance a des diasporas, definies comme des communautes ethno-nationales vivant hors de leur pays d'origine et entretennant des relations symboliques et materielles avec leur patrie. Cet article examine des Croates et des Tamouls sri lankais qui habitent au Canada pour essayer de mieux comprendre la nature des liens de nature politiques et transnationaux qui existent entre la diaspora et la patrie. Ces groupes different en fonction des conditions de depart de leurs pays d'origines, de leurs temps de migration, et de leurs origines ethniques. Neanmoins les membres des deux groupes se sont bien mobilises au Canada pour affronter les problemes importants dans leurs patties. Ils ont fait ceci en observant et en participant aux guerres d'autonomie ethno-nationale et d'independance politique. Dans ces etudes de cas, la patrie fournit un lieu commun pour une diaspora deplacee en meme temps que la diaspora fournit des ressources essentielles a la creation et au maintient de la nation d'origine. Les resultats de cette etude remettent en question la proposition que les valeurs democratiques sont transmises du Canada au pays en transmition politique. Ils indiquent aussi le besoin pour plus de recherches empiriques sur l'impact politique qu'ont les identites transnationales dans les pays de reception. Every year, persons from hundreds of regions of the world migrate across national boundaries to make new lives for themselves and their families. Most of them move to large urban centers such as Toronto where the presence of ethnic associations, ethnic neighborhoods, and informal networks facilitates adaptation to the new society. (1) Aided by these same ethnic networks, migrants often maintain a variety of connections to the homeland or sending state. Though integration or acculturation usually occurs in the succeeding generations, persons may maintain a keen interest in homeland affairs, including politics, particularly if there is a situation of ethnic conflict or violence involving members of the same group. The millions of refugees and exiles whose movements were spawned by circumstances in their home countries rather than by the wish to forge a new life elsewhere may especially continue to feel political loyalty to the homeland. The result has been the creation of Janus-faced communities, whose attention focuses simultaneously on their situation in the country of settlement and transnationally on their homeland as well as on kindred ethnic groups in the diaspora. (2) This article analyses the transnational dimensions of immigrant politics by comparing two ethnic groups in Canada (primarily Toronto): Croatians and Sri Lankan Tamils. These differ in terms of the conditions of departure from the homeland, the time of their migration, and regional as well as ethnic origins. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".