Evaluating stability of anisotropically deposited soil slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural soils often exhibit an anisotropic fabric pattern as a result of soil deposition, weathering or filling. This study aims to investigate the effects of spatially variable anisotropic soil fabric in a slope on its safety factor and failure mechanisms, and to identify the critical fabric orientation that is most unfavorable to the slope stability. The strength properties of colluvium (i.e., cohesion and friction angle) are modeled as random fields under two conditions (i.e., independent and negatively correlated). The study reveals that there exists a critical fabric orientation at 30° at which the mean factor of safety is the lowest and the probability of failure is the highest. The negative cross-correlation between soil shear strength properties leads to a significantly lower probability of failure, compared to the independent case. The highest proportion of deep failure mechanism is also identified at the same fabric orientation of 30°. The identified critical fabric orientation is gentler than the slope inclination. This study suggests that the conventional understanding that stratification parallel to the slope surface appears to be the most unfavorable condition leading to the lowest safety level does not hold for spatially varying soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".