MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2898143453 · doi:10.11648/j.ajaic.20180202.14

Investigation of CFC Substitutes to Arrest Ozone Depletion

2018· article· en· W2898143453 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicSpacecraft Design and Technology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMontreal ProtocolStratosphereOzone layerOzoneChlorineOzone depletionEnvironmental scienceRefrigerantAtmosphere (unit)TroposphereChemistryMeteorologyEngineeringHeat exchanger

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Ozone is a molecule containing three oxygen atoms which is blue in colour and has a strong odour. Ozone is considered as helpful in the stratosphere and harmful substance in the troposphere. Most atmospheric ozone is concentrated within the stratosphere, about 15-30 km above the Earth’s surface. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a family of chemical compounds developed back in the 1930's as safe, non-toxic, non-flammable alternative to dangerous substances like ammonia for purposes of refrigeration and spray can propellants. Their usage grew enormously over the years. One of the elements that constitute CFCs is chlorine. Very little chlorine exists naturally in the atmosphere. But it turns out that CFCs are an excellent way of introducing chlorine into the ozone layer. The ultraviolet radiation at this altitude breaks down CFCs, freeing the chlorine. Under the suitable conditions, this chlorine has the potential to destroy large amounts of ozone. This has indeed been observed, especially over Antarctica. Since the cognizance of adverse influence of halogenated refrigerants in the stratosphere and in troposphere, as proclaimed at the Montreal protocol with subsequent enactment of NASA Act in 1987, the home appliance manufacturers are seriously considering replacement of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by alternative fluids in all the factors of their ever increasing market say, on refrigerators, as a blowing agent for foams, as a cleaning agent for printed circuit boards and the like, much ahead of the EPA schedule. The paper presents a scenario of the research efforts in the field, both by individual investigators and entrepreneurs with necessary recommendations.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.015
Threshold uncertainty score0.334

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.200
Teacher spread0.185 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it