Pansharpening multispectral remote‐sensing images with guided filter for monitoring impact of human behavior on environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Human behavior would lead to a significant impact on the environment. By monitoring the environment, we can indirectly monitor human behavior. Remote sensing (RS) technology provides a large number of multispectral (MS) images. When combining the Internet of things (IoT) technology, those images can be used for human behavioral monitoring. However, due to the limitation of the optical sensors embedded in satellites, the spatial resolution of MS image is relatively low, which poses a huge problem for further understanding these images. Pansharpening, also known as multisensor image fusion, aims to sharp an MS image to a high‐resolution multisensor image (HMS) by integrating a corresponding high‐resolution panchromatic (PAN) image. By doing so, the redundancy among big data can be effectively reduced. Traditional Intensity‐Hue‐Saturation (IHS)–based methods often suffer from spectral distortion. To address this problem, a novel pansharpening method is proposed in this paper. Different from those traditional IHS methods, the proposed method first decomposes MS and PAN into high‐frequency‐component (HFC) and low‐frequency‐component (LFC), respectively. Then, the guided filter (GF) is utilized to enhance the spectral information on the detail map. Furthermore, the detail map is refined according to the adaptive coefficients for each band of MS. By performing experiments, we demonstrate the proposed method can obtain satisfying results in both visual quality and object assessment among existing methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".