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Record W2900801674 · doi:10.6000/1929-7092.2018.07.77

The Development of Taxation of Small Business in Russia in the Conditions of the Digital Economy

2018· article· en· W2900801674 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Reviews on Global Economics · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLegal and Policy Issues
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDigital economyEconomicsBusinessEconomyMarket economyEconomic systemPolitical scienceLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The subject of the study of the proposed topic of the article is the tax relations arising in the process of tax regulation by states of taxation of small business in the digital economy. The relevance of small business development as one of the important categories of taxpayers plays an essential role in the formation of the revenue side of the budget, as well as in the solution of social issues in society. The novelty of scientific research lies in the fact that the problems of investing and taxing small business are based on the prospects of digitalization of the economy. The purpose of writing this research is to address the identified problems of small business taxation in the rapidly changing information and communication technologies, Internet sites, the emergence of new paradigms and business models. The problems of taxation of self-employed population in the country are touched, anddirections for their solution are determined. When writing the article, general scientific methods of financial, economic, comparative analysis, analytical and systematic approach to the object of research and methodological approaches in a number of proposals were used. Problems are identified and investigated in the scientific context, and an in-depth analysis is conducted to ensure the development of small enterprises in Russia in the digital economy.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.835
Threshold uncertainty score0.527

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.050
GPT teacher head0.340
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it