CTLA-4 and PD-1 Control of T-Cell Motility and Migration: Implications for Tumor Immunotherapy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CTLA-4 is a co-receptor on T-cells that controls peripheral tolerance and the development of autoimmunity. Immune check-point blockade (ICB) uses monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block the binding of inhibitory receptors (IRs) to their natural ligands. A humanised antibody to CTLA- 4 [Ipilimumab] was first approved clinically followed by antibody blockade of PD-1 [Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab] and its ligand PD-L1 [Atezolizumab](Baumeister et al., 2016; Okazaki et al., 2013; Page et al., 2014; Sharma et al., 2011) The function and mechanisms of action of CTLA-4 involve cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic pathways. Effective anti-tumour immunity requires the activation of tumour-specific effector T cells, the blockade of regulatory cells and the migration of T-cells into the tumour. In this review, we review data implicating CTLA-4 and PD-1 in the motility of T-cells with a specific reference to the potential exploitation of theses pathways for more effective tumour infiltration and eradication.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it