Towards Social Autonomous Vehicles: Understanding Pedestrian-Driver Interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cooperative interaction in traffic is vital for resolving a wide range of ambiguities arising from road users' actions. Autonomous vehicles are no exception and require the ability to understand the intention of road users and communicate with them in order to ensure their safety and maintain traffic flow. In this paper, we address the problem of traffic interaction by analyzing a large sample of pedestrians communicating with drivers. We highlight the ways pedestrians communicate and use a logistic regression model to identify what factors influence communication patterns of pedestrians and how. We also discuss practical challenges regarding the recognizing and understanding of pedestrians' intention and how our theoretical findings can help to solve them. Our analysis suggests that pedestrians predominantly rely on implicit communication cues such as stepping onto the road to transmit their intention of crossing. In addition, we found that the presence of traffic signal, street width, and pedestrian group size can influence the frequency and type of pedestrian communication, while factors such as pedestrians' age and gender did not show any significant impact.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".