Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter describes the incidence and characteristics of homicide in Canada by focusing on three sources of variation: temporal, spatial, and social. It begins by tracing trends in Canadian homicide rates from the 1920s through the 1980s. The chapter evaluates recent concerns over rising levels of homicide from the perspective of trends over several decades. It discusses spatial variation in homicide rates: the distribution of homicide across regions and communities of different sizes. The chapter examines the distribution of homicide among social groups distinguished by gender, race, and age. It addresses the growing fears of Canadians that patterns of homicide in Canada are coming to resemble those in the United States—not just in levels, but also in some characteristics. The chapter draws on both legal and non-legal criteria in its analysis of homicide in Canada. Regardless of gender or race, age will shape the likelihood of involvement in homicide either as victim or as offender, though in somewhat different ways.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it