Prenatal Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Levels and Behavior at School Age in Mexican Children
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies suggest that prenatal low molecular weight phthalate (LMWP) exposure affects neurodevelopment and behavior during the first years of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of prenatal LMWP exposure on behavioral domains in children at 6-11 years of age. Methods: In 198 participants in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, third trimester maternal urine samples were analyzed for Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and summed as LMWP. When children were 6-11 years of age, mothers completed the parent-report form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2). T-scores age-standardized for aggression, attention and conduct problems domains were used as outcomes. Linear regression models estimated the relationship between each phthalate and LMWP with T-scores, adjusting for urinary specific gravity, maternal education and child sex. Analyses were also conducted using tertiles of LMWP and stratifying by sex. Results: Individual phthalates were not associated with any of the three behavioral domains. The sum of LMWP measure was associated with attention problems in boys, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in prenatal sum of LMWP was positively associated with a 4.6% (95% CI: 0.33-8.9%) increase in attention problems; boys in the highest LMWP tertile had a T-scores 5.5 higher than those in the lowest tertile. There was no significant association in girls. Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous studies that document the endocrine disrupting effect of phthalate prenatal exposure and suggest effects remain at school age in boys.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it