Bibliographic record
Abstract
The marine geology of Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, was studied using seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan-sonar systems, multibeam bathymetry, seabed samples, cores, and photographic observations. Dating of core material and information from seabed samples were correlated with the stratigraphic information from the seismic-reflection data and multibeam backscatter. Maps of detailed multibeam bathymetry, seabed slope, sediment distributions, and both natural and anthropogenic seabed features and processes are presented. The surficial geology of Halifax Harbour results from glacial erosion and deposition during ice advance and retreat across a former fluvial drainage system, subsequent glaciomarine and lacustrine deposition, erosion by a marine transgression, and recent sedimentation. The outer harbour largely consists of coarse, well sorted sand and gravel with bedrock outcrop in many areas. Sand ribbons, megaripples, and gravel circles form in response to currents and waves. In contrast, the inner harbour consists of gas-charged Holocene mud and is covered with anchor marks, dredge spoils, shipwrecks, cables, and other debris. Natural features include sedimentary furrows, drumlins, moraines, pockmarks, and former shorelines. The inner harbour largely traps sediments and their associated contaminants and minimal amounts are transported out of the harbour. Halifax Harbour is one of the first marine areas in Canada to have been studied with multibeam bathymetry. It provides a high-resolution portrayal of seabed morphology and features that are interpreted from a morphodynamic perspective. Net sediment transport is dominantly from south to north. The seabed sediment mapping and assessment of anthropogenic features provides a basis for management of Halifax Harbour including marine habitats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".