Construction and demolition waste in geopolymer concrete technology: a review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geopolymers are a relatively new generation of construction materials developed with industrial by-products and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with high silica and alumina contents. In recent years, the demand for SCMs has increased significantly due to action plans on global climate change. In addition, construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) are a major concern in the construction sector and using them through the geopolymerisation process has therefore attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. This paper summarises the literature pertaining to the use of CDWs such as concrete, brick and ceramic as source materials in geopolymer technology, either alone or with SCMs. The literature indicates that CDW materials work well as the main source materials in geopolymer technology. However, due to the various parameters in geopolymerisation, research should move toward defining threshold levels and acceptable criteria rather than simply the best composition outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it