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Record W2914814491 · doi:10.5430/wje.v9n1p145

A Study on the Relationship Between Mean Years of Schooling, Literacy Skills Level of the Countries, and Their Level of Democratic Development

2019· article· en· W2914814491 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueWorld Journal of Education · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender, Education, and Development Issues
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDemocracyMediationPath analysis (statistics)LiteracyPsychologyAction (physics)Educational attainmentEconomic growthDevelopmental psychologyPolitical scienceSociologyPedagogySocial sciencePoliticsEconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study’s objective is to examine the relationship between the mean years of schooling, level of adult literacyskills, and democratic development levels. The study was designed as a relational survey model. The analyticsemployed is the path analysis, which tests the existence of causal relationship between the variables. The statisticalanalysis indicates that a significant and strong relationship exists between the mean years of schooling and adultliteracy skills and further that a significant, medium level, relationship is present between the countries’ adult literacyskills and their democratic development levels. Moreover, literacy skills create a significant mediation impact on therelationship between the mean years of schooling and democratic development level. Also significant is the indirectimpact of the nations’ mean years of schooling on their democratic development levels. Countries seeking to sustainand protect participative and deep democracy may need to review their formal and informal education policies.Therefore, it may be especially necessary to attach greater importance to cognitive-verbal processes in formaleducation institutions as a departure point of action.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.186
Threshold uncertainty score0.483

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.139
GPT teacher head0.373
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it