Adult Learning Principles in Master's Sport: A Coach's Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adult athletes, or Masters athletes (MAs), feel that sport coaches should use different approaches when working with them than with youth (Callary et al., 2015; 2017). This case study aimed to understand how each of six adult learning principles from Knowles et al.’s (2012) Andragogy in Practice Model were evidenced in a 30-year-old, female, canoe/kayak coach’s descriptions of her approaches. Data were collected via three semi-structured coach interviews (90-120 minutes), with supplemental field notes for her training sessions with MAs and youth, with the latter cohort used for comparative purposes. Results showed the coach’s approaches with MAs were largely andragogical, especially in her responsiveness to adults’ inquisitiveness and provision of self-directed opportunities. She more closely followed traditional pedagogy with youth, directing information delivery, limiting autonomy, and catering to more extrinsic motives. Findings suggest the model may be flexibly applied to coaching adult sport, and its principles adapted to fit individual needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".