Surveys of Arboviruses Vectors in Four Cities Stretching Along a Railway Transect of Burkina Faso: Risk Transmission and Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Potential Vectors
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: A severe outbreak of dengue occurred in Burkina Faso in 2016, with the main cases reported in Ouagadougou, which highlights the necessity to implement vector surveillance system. This study aims to estimate the risk of arboviruses transmission and the insecticide susceptibility status of potential vectors in four sites in Burkina Faso. Methods: From June to September 2016, house-to-house cross sectional entomological surveys were performed in four cities stretching along a southwest-to-northeast railway transect. The household surveys analyzed the presence of Aedes spp larvae in containers holding water and the World Health Organization (WHO) larval abundance indices were estimated. WHO tube assays was used to evaluate the insecticide susceptibility within Aedes populations from these localities. Results: A total of 31,378 mosquitoes’ larvae were collected from 1,330 containers holding water. Aedes spp was the most abundant (95.19%) followed by Culex spp (4.75%). Aedes aegypti a key vector of arboviruses (ARBOV) in West Africa was the major Aedes species found (98.60%). The relative larval indices house index, container and Breteau indexes were high, up to 70, 35 and 10 respectively. Ae. aegypti tended to breed mainly in discarded tires and terracotta jars. Except in Banfora the western city, Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to deltamethrin 0.05% with low mortality rate under 20% in Ouagadougou whereas they were fully susceptible to malathion 5% whatever the site. Intermediate resistance was observed in the four sites with bendiocarb 0.1% with mortality rates varying between 78-94%. Conclusions: Our study provided basic information on entomological indices that can help to monitor the risks of ARBOV epidemics in the main cities along the railway in Burkina Faso. In these cities, all larval indices exceeded the risk level of ARBOV outbreak. Aedes aegypti the main species collected was resistant to deltamethrin and bendiocarb. The monitoring of insecticide resistance is also important to be integrated to the vector surveillance system in Burkina Faso.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it