Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic solar cells have been studied for over 30 years and remain one of the hottest topics in energy science today. The potential impact on society by converting solar energy into electrical energy in an affordable and versatile manner using such ‘plastic’ solar cells is enormous. Organic solar cells are color-tuneable, can be rendered semi-transparent, and can be roll-to-roll coated onto lightweight, flexible, and stretchable substrates. Such features have enabled many commercial applications including solar photovoltaic windows, photovoltaic textiles, and compact/portable photovoltaic charging devices. Researchers around the world continue to develop new materials, optimize devices, and understand operation and stability resulting in ever increasing performance metrics. A testament to such scientific innovation is the remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.3 % being reported this past year in Science (2018, DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2612) by a team led by Professor Yongshen Chen. As chemists, improving the bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer through developing new organic materials, greener film processing, and innovative methods for charge separation, transport, and collection are of high interest. In recent years many new innovations have been made. This special issue on organic solar cells contains a collection of personal accounts from leaders in the field detailing recent advances. The development of new photoactive dyes and conjugated polymers, non-fullerene acceptors, single-material active layers, amorphous active layers, stretchable devices, green materials synthesis and processing, and the double heterojunction are all featured in this issue. The front piece highlights recent research carried out at the University of Angers, France. Cabanetos, Blanchard, and Roncali detail a series of arylamine-based push-pull molecular systems and their utility as photoactive materials in organic solar cells. Such simple yet effective molecules have been pioneered in Angers and have found wide spread use in photovoltaic devices. We thank all our colleagues from around the world for contributing to this special issue and hope you the reader enjoy the work presented. Gregory C. Welch University of Calgary Mario Leclerc Université Laval
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.139 | 0.068 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".