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Record W2952813088 · doi:10.1002/smr.1915

Database engines: Evolution of greenness

2017· article· en· W2952813088 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Software Evolution and Process · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicGreen IT and Sustainability
Canadian institutionsIBM (Canada)Toronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDatabaseComputer scienceEnergy consumptionMetric (unit)Consumption (sociology)Energy (signal processing)Real-time databaseEfficient energy use

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Information technology consumes up to 10% of the world's electricity generation, contributing to CO 2 emissions and high energy costs. Data centers, particularly databases, use up to 23% of this energy. Therefore, building an energy‐efficient (green) database engine could reduce energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. The goal of this study is to understand the factors driving databases' energy consumption and execution time throughout their evolution. We conducted an empirical case study of energy consumption by 2 MySQL database engines, InnoDB and MyISAM, across 40 releases. We examined the relationships of 4 software metrics to energy consumption and execution time to determine which metrics reflect the greenness and performance of a database. Our analysis shows that database engines' energy consumption and execution time increase as databases evolve. Moreover, the lines of code (LOC) metric is correlated moderately to strongly with energy consumption and execution time in 88% of cases. Our findings provide insights to practitioners and researchers. Database administrators may use them to select a fast, green release of the MySQL database engine. MySQL developers may use LOC to assess products' greenness and performance. Researchers may use our findings to further develop new hypotheses or build models predicting greenness and performance of databases.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.159
Threshold uncertainty score0.380

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it