Fate of Mercury in Volatiles and Char during in Situ Gasification Chemical-Looping Combustion of Coal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mercury emission is an important issue during in-situ gasification chemical-looping combustion ( i G-CLC) of coal. This work focused on experimentally “isolating” two elementary subprocesses (coal pyrolysis and char gasification) during i G-CLC of coal, identifying mercury distribution within the two subprocesses, and examining the effects of a hematite oxygen carrier (OC) on the mercury fate. The mercury measurement accuracy was carefully ensured by comparing online measurements (by a VM 3000 instrument) and benchmark measurements (by the standard Ontario Hydro Method, ASTM D6784) as well as repeated tests (10 times for each case). The mercury mass balance was 115% for the entire i G-CLC. A total of 44.7% of the mercury was released as the gas phase form within the coal pyrolysis process at a typical CLC operation temperature (950 °C), whereas 13.4% was released during the char gasification process. The release rate and amount of mercury were minimally affected by the presence of OC; however, the OC promoted the conversion of Hg 0 (g) to Hg 2+ (g). Only a small amount of mercury was absorbed by the OC and transported into the air reactor along with carbon residue, released as Hg 0 (g) and Hg 2+ (g) or remained in the OC and coal ash as particulate mercury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".