Radio Frequency Interference Suppression for HF Surface Wave Radar Using CEMD and Temporal Windowing Methods
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A common source of interference in high-frequency (HF) surface wave (HFSW) radars is radio frequency interference (RFI). Its existence inhibits the detection performance of HFSW radars since its amplitude can mask the sea echoes. On the basis of the analysis of RFI characteristics, a new RFI mitigation algorithm based on inverse temporal windowing and complex empirical mode decomposition (CEMD) is proposed in this letter. In this method, echoes containing RFI are decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via CEMD and then the inverse temporal windowing technique is applied to each IMFs in the time domain. Test results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method in simulated and practical conditions and can effectively mitigate RFI without losing sea echoes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it