Joint Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Delay-Sensitive Fog Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Computational offloading becomes an important and essential research issue for the delay-sensitive task completion at resource-constraint end-users. Fog computing that extends the computing and storage resources of the cloud computing to the network edge emerges as a potential solution towards low-latency task provisioning via computational offloading. In our offloading scenario, each end-user will first offload the task to its primary fog node. When the primary fog node cannot meet the tolerable latency, it has the possibility to offload to the cloud and/or assisting fog node to obtain extra computing resource to shorten the computing latency at the expense of additional transmission latency. Therefore, a trade-off needs to be carefully made in the offloading decision. At the same time, in addition to the task data from the end-users under its primary coverage, the primary fog node receives the tasks from other end-users via its neighbor fog nodes. Thus, to jointly optimize the computing and communication resources in the fog node, we formulate a delay-sensitive data offloading problem that mainly considers the local task execution delay and transmission delay. An approximate solution is obtained via Quadratically Constraint Quadratic Programming (QCQP). Finally, the extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, while guaranteeing minimum end-to-end latency for various task processing densities and traffic intensity levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".