Solid State Nanopores: Nanopore Formation via Tip‐Controlled Local Breakdown Using an Atomic Force Microscope (Small Methods 7/2019)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developing a scalable method for creating highly localized single nanopore and nanopore arrays in ultra-thin membranes has long been the Achilles' Heel of the vastly growing field of nanopore bio-sensing. In article number 1900147, Yuning Zhang, Yoichi Miyahara, Peter Grutter, Walter Reisner and co-workers report a new method for creating nanoscale pores and nanopore arrays in thin SiNx membranes. Tip-controlled local breakdown (TCLB) uses a conductive tip in an atomic force microscope to create pores at precise positions on a membrane by inducing highly localized dielectric breakdown. TCLB is able to fabricate sub 5 nm diameter nanopores within tens of milliseconds, with high scalability, and with nanometer positioning precision. The cover depicts the process of a single nanopore forming at the tip, with pore arrays already fabricated in the background.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".