Consumer Preferences for Country‐of‐Origin Labeling in Protected Markets: Evidence from the Canadian Dairy Market
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent trade agreements will expand Canada's market access commitments for dairy products. We explore whether Canadian consumers will respond to the increased presence of imported dairy products using a discrete choice experiment that accounts for price, country‐of‐origin (COO), production method, brand, and traceability. We use four processed dairy products to illustrate potential trade‐offs: Gouda and cheddar cheese, ice cream, and yogurt. There are statistically significant discounts associated with COO effects. These discounts vary with the dairy product and are large compared to consumer valuation of other included attributes. We find large premiums for traceability programs, suggesting that the absence of assurances related to traceability may mute actual market penetration arising from increased access to the Canadian dairy market.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it