Alcohol consumption in a non-clinical sample: The role of sweet-liking, PROP bitterness and sex
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some previous studies have suggested an association between sweet-liking and alcohol use in male alcohol-dependent individuals. However, if sweet-liking is to have value as an indicator of potentially hazardous drinking behaviour, the relationship needs to be established in non-dependent individuals, and determined for women and younger individuals, who may be at increased risk of alcohol use disorders. This study comprised of a non-clinical sample of 223 male and female university students. Responsiveness to 3 sucrose-impregnated taste discs (9 g/l, LSD; 90 g/l, MSD; 900 g/l, HSD) and a 50 mM 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PROP)-impregnated disc were collected and used to classify participants as sweet-likers (HSD/LSD ≥ 1.5), sweet-dislikers (HSD/LSD < 1.5), PROP non-tasters (gLMS intensity score ≤ 12 mm), PROP medium-tasters (13-55 mm), or PROP supertasters (≥ 56 mm). Data on familial history of alcoholism, alcohol intake, and hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT) were also collected. Two-way Analysis of Variance showed a significant main effect for sweet-liking on alcohol consumption in males (F (1)=4.10, p=0.04), with monthly intake (natural log transformed) of sweet-liking males higher than sweet-disliking males. Neither alcohol consumption (t (191)=1.97, p=0.23), sweet-liking (ratio of HSD liking over LSD; t (191)=1.97, p=0.41), or PROP responsiveness (t(191)=1.97, p=0.56) varied with AUDIT classification or family history of alcoholism (p> 0.05). Overall, our results partially support the hypothesis that ethanol and sucrose influence the opioid reward system in the brain in a similar way to reinforce use.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it