Condominium self-governance? Issues, external interests, and the limits of statutory reform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Condominiums are assumed in enabling statutes, related regulations, and statutory reforms to resemble ‘self-governing communities’ of owners whom collectively undertake numerous governance responsibilities to manage and sustain their buildings and living arrangements. Drawing from intensive interviews with condo owners and condo industry representatives in Ontario and New York State and a large qualitative survey of condo owners from Ontario, we outline five overlapping and longstanding governance issues that challenge the notion of self-governance and reveal it to be more illusion than reality. This disjuncture stems not only from common dilemmas of collective governance, but also from the growing influence of external and mostly commercial interests in condominiums broadly consistent with neo-liberalization. We also consider more recent reform attempts by Ontario and New York State and discuss statutory limitations in addressing these issues. We express doubt that condo statutory reform alone can successfully remedy the governance problems facing condo housing and proffer remedies including moving beyond the perception of condominiums as autonomous, self-governing realms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".