Depression Detection Based on Deep Distribution Learning
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is among the most common and harmful mental health problems. Several deep learning architectures have been proposed for video-based detection of depression based on the facial expressions of subjects. To predict the depression level, these architectures are often modeled for regression with Euclidean loss. Consequently, they do not leverage the data distribution, nor explore the ordinal relationship between facial images and depression levels, and have limited robustness to noisy and uncertain labeling. This paper introduces a deep learning architecture for accurately predicting depression levels through distribution learning. It relies on a new expectation loss function that allows to estimate the underlying data distribution over depression levels, where expected values of the distribution are optimized to approach the ground-truth levels. The proposed approach can produce accurate predictions of depression levels even under label uncertainty. Extensive experiments on the AVEC2013 and AVEC2014 datasets indicate that the proposed architecture represents an effective approach that can outperform state-of-the-art techniques.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it