H0LiCOW – X. Spectroscopic/imaging survey and galaxy-group identification around the strong gravitational lens system WFI 2033−4723
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.155
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.701
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.197 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
ABSTRACT Galaxies and galaxy groups located along the line of sight towards gravitationally lensed quasars produce high-order perturbations of the gravitational potential at the lens position. When these perturbation are too large, they can induce a systematic error on H0 of a few per cent if the lens system is used for cosmological inference and the perturbers are not explicitly accounted for in the lens model. In this work, we present a detailed characterization of the environment of the lens system WFI 2033−4723 ($z_{\rm src} =\,$1.662, $z_{\rm lens}=\,$0.6575), one of the core targets of the H0LiCOW project for which we present cosmological inferences in a companion paper. We use the Gemini and ESO-Very Large telescopes to measure the spectroscopic redshifts of the brightest galaxies towards the lens, and use the ESO-MUSE integral field spectrograph to measure the velocity-dispersion of the lens ($\sigma _{\rm {los}}= 250^{+15}_{-21}$ km s−1) and of several nearby galaxies. In addition, we measure photometric redshifts and stellar masses of all galaxies down to i < 23 mag, mainly based on Dark Energy Survey imaging (DR1). Our new catalogue, complemented with literature data, more than doubles the number of known galaxy spectroscopic redshifts in the direct vicinity of the lens, expanding to 116 (64) the number of spectroscopic redshifts for galaxies separated by less than 3 arcmin (2 arcmin ) from the lens. Using the flexion-shift as a measure of the amplitude of the gravitational perturbation, we identify two galaxy groups and three galaxies that require specific attention in the lens models. The ESO MUSE data enable us to measure the velocity-dispersions of three of these galaxies. These results are essential for the cosmological inference analysis presented in Rusu et al.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- not available
- Funders
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryH2020 European Research CouncilHigh Energy PhysicsCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasSeventh Framework ProgrammeArgonne National LaboratoryComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaNational Research Council CanadaStanford UniversityFinanciadora de Estudos e ProjetosHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignSpace Telescope Science InstituteUniversity of SussexInstitut de Física d'Altes EnergiesNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanU.S. Department of EnergyFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia e InovaçãoEuropean Regional Development FundEuropean Research CouncilMax-Planck-GesellschaftEuropean Southern ObservatoryMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadGeneralitat de CatalunyaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekChinese Academy of SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenAcademia SinicaEast Asian Core Observatories AssociationOffice of ScienceIntegrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton UniversityUniversity of EdinburghUniversity of CambridgeMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación ProductivaNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationUniversity of California, Santa CruzUniversity College LondonStrongKorea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteUniversity of PortsmouthUniversity of PennsylvaniaDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationFermilabTexas A and M UniversityUniversity of ChicagoCalifornia Institute of TechnologyHigher Education Funding Council for EnglandUniversity of NottinghamNational Science FoundationUniversity of MichiganEuropean CommissionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryJet Propulsion LaboratoryOhio State UniversityCentres de Recerca de Catalunya
- Keywords
- PhysicsAstrophysicsGalaxyQuasarRedshiftVelocity dispersionGravitational lensAstronomyLens (geology)Einstein radiusGalaxy groupGalaxy formation and evolution
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes