“Flexible citizenship” in Chinese international secondary school students’ transnational social networks: opportunities or constraints?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the notion of “flexible citizenship”, this paper examines how Chinese international secondary school students accumulate and exchange different forms of capital as governed by their transnational social networks. This study draws on data from a 14-month ethnographic field study on the transnational lives of 11 Chinese students in a Canadian international secondary school. This study illustrates that the instrumental dimension of “flexible citizenship” produced both opportunities and tensions in student participants’ lives when their new and existing social relations converged to mediate their transnational lives and trajectories. The force of multiple transnational actors to maximise opportunities exerted emotional pressures on students and caused relational tensions. In addition, when the participating students encountered challenges in broadening social connections in the host society, they solidified home social connections for emotional support and further academic and career development, although such practices constrained their effort in intercultural learning for embodied cultural capital. This paper advocates that beyond the governmental logic of instrumental “flexible citizenship”, all social actors should gain more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of students’ lives and their relational and emotional development. Additionally, Chinese students may be given more freedom in enacting their agency to engage with their transnational and intercultural lives in the ways they desire rather than those that are desired by external social forces.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".