A model of gas desorption and radiation during initial high voltage conditioning in vacuum
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large quantities of gas are desorbed from the anode electrode during initial high-voltage conditioning of broad-area electrodes in a vacuum, equivalent to many monolayers and consist mostly of neutral molecules with an ionic component of a few percent. The ions are accelerated to the cathode, producing secondary electrons from the cathode and x-rays. There is still no reasonable explanation of these phenomena. Experiments have been performed to try to understand the source of the gas and radiation by using a residual gas analyzer to examine the desorption products from copper electrodes during initial high-voltage conditioning. The desorption products produced during initial high-voltage conditioning were then compared with those from thermal desorption of the same electrodes and surface preparation as they were heated in vacuum to about 600 °C, both with and without a high electric field present. Thermal desorption with an applied field showed a significant difference in the desorption spectrum compared with no applied field and produced a modest source of radiation that did not appear to be produced by field emission. At electrode temperatures beyond 450 °C, radiation production increased exponentially with temperature, likely produced by surface ionization of minor contaminants with a low ionization potential. These observations have been used as input to propose that the radiation and gas desorption observed during initial high-voltage conditioning is initiated by surface ionization from the many projections with high field enhancement factors on the anode surface.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it