Is Exposure To Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals Responsible For Higher Rates Of Hypothyroidism In Some Coastal Communities On The Island Portion Of Newfoundland And Labrador, Canada?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Rising levels of Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals (TDCs) in the environment is believed to result in an additional burden of hypothyroidism. Exposure to TDCs usually taken place by consumption of contaminated marine products. The Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River are heavily polluted with all kinds of TDCs from industry, agriculture and landfills of US & Canada. This river along with the Great Lakes is known as one of the top TDCs polluted water sources in the country. Since, the Gulf of St Lawrence is the ultimate drainage for the river and the west and south coasts of the island of Newfoundland are in contact with the Gulf; it is presumed that the residents of the coastal communities might have higher incidences of hypothyroidism. The east coast is not in contact with the supposedly contaminated Gulf. Thus, we intended to compare the incidence rates of hypothyroidism in west, south and east coasts of Newfoundland. Methods We collected administrative data from the Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Health Information on number of individulas hospitalized with hypothyroidism (1998-2012) in 41 coastal communities on the island of Newfoundland. We reviewed peer-reviewed journal articles, by using Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Results Mean hypothyroidism rates of west and south coasts were significantly higher than the east coast (1.8 and 1.9 times respectively). One-way analysis of variance was used to test for regional differences in rates. A significant between-group difference in rate of hypothyroidism was found (F2,38 =8.309; p=0.001). There is a paucity of comprehensive research in Newfoundland and Labrador on; a) diet (local marine products) of the coastal communities, b) TDCs profiles of marine products caught from various coasts,and/or c) biomarker study of the residents. Discussion Abnormally high rates of hypothyroidism can be associated with exposure to TDCs; however, further study will be needed to establish the causal relations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".