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Record W2992472464 · doi:10.1353/jod.2007.a223241

A Quarter-Century of Promoting Democracy

2007· article· en· W2992472464 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of democracy · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAmerican Constitutional Law and Politics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDemocracyQuarter (Canadian coin)ParliamentPoliticsEconomic historyMarxist philosophyPolitical scienceLawPublic administrationSociologyHistory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A Quarter-Century of Promoting Democracy Marc F. Plattner On 8 June 1982, U.S. president Ronald Reagan gave a historic address to the British Parliament in which he contended that history had reached a "turning point": The world was witnessing a "great revolutionary crisis," but it was taking place "not in the free, non-Marxist West but in the home of Marxism-Leninism, the Soviet Union." Marxism-Leninism, he predicted, would be left on the "ash heap of history" by the "march of freedom and democracy." In this same speech Reagan also noted the planning then under way for a new U.S. initiative aimed at "strengthening democracy around the world," and pledged that he would work with Congress, business, labor, and the two major political parties to bring it to fruition. The result was the creation in 1983 of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a Congressionally-funded, bipartisan, nongovernmental organization dedicated to supporting democrats abroad. On 7 June 2007, NED commemorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of what has become known as the "Westminster Address" with a panel discussion and reception in Madison Hall at the Library of Congress. (On the same occasion, an agreement was formally signed between NED and the Library of Congress making the latter the official repository for NED's historical archives.) Speakers at the reception included numerous current and former members of Congress, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and former Senator and NED board chairman Bill Brock, as well as Deputy National Security Advisor Elliott Abrams, NED president Carl Gershman, and Jim Hutson and John Earl Haynes of the Library of Congress. The panel discussion preceding the reception was entitled "The Legacy of Westminster: Democracy Assistance Since the Founding of NED and the Challenges Ahead." It featured brief presentations by three eminent U.S. scholars—Thomas Carothers, NED Board member Jean Bethke Elshtain, and Journal of Democracy coeditor Larry Diamond—and by two eloquent and thoughtful democratic activists, Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia and Zainab Hawa Bangura of Sierra Leone. These presentations, though consisting of informal remarks rather than prepared papers, included some extremely interesting reflections not just on the past accomplishments and future prospects of democracy assistance but also on the new dangers confronting democracy itself. Consequently, we decided to ask the speakers to review the transcripts of their talks and to revise them modestly for publication (but not to feel any need to disguise the fact that they originated as oral presentations). We hope that our readers will find the short essays in the pages that follow to be worth preserving in print and being made available to a wider audience. Copyright © 2007 National Endowment for Democracy and the Johns Hopkins University Press

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.880
Threshold uncertainty score0.285

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.313
Teacher spread0.299 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it