Application of Cationic Tapioca to Unmodified Pearl Corn Starch – A Papermaking Handsheet Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An handsheet study was performed to compare the application of unmodified pearl corn starch and cationic tapioca starch on 100% recycled paperboard. To analyze the benefits tensile index, Canadian Standard Freeness, and starch retention was measured. The results found that cationic tapioca starch had the highest tensile index at 61.36 N*m/g for a dosage rate of 16 lbs./ton at a comparable dosage for unmodified pearl corn starch at 48 lbs./ton the tensile index was 56.11 N*m/g. Tests of the Canadian Standard Freeness showed that the unmodified pearl corn starch had the lowest freeness at 34.3 ml. The cationic tapioca starch had a freeness of 53.5 ml. For starch retention, more starch was retained in the sheet with cationic tapioca starch, with only 0.0065 grams ending up in the filtrate, compared to 0.015 grams of filtrate for the sheet containing unmodified pearl corn starch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".