RETRACTED: Declines in Religiosity Predict Increases in Violent Crime—but Not Among Countries With Relatively High Average IQ
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Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Bias Issues or Lack of Balance;Objections by Third Party;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;
- Date
- 6/26/2020 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Abstract
Many scholars have argued that religion reduces violent behavior within human social groups. Here, we tested whether intelligence moderates this relationship. We hypothesized that religion would have greater utility for regulating violent behavior among societies with relatively lower average IQs than among societies with relatively more cognitively gifted citizens. Two studies supported this hypothesis. Study 1, a longitudinal analysis from 1945 to 2010 (with up to 176 countries and 1,046 observations), demonstrated that declines in religiosity were associated with increases in homicide rates-but only in countries with relatively low average IQs. Study 2, a multiverse analysis (171 models) using modern data (97-195 countries) and various controls, consistently confirmed that lower rates of religiosity were more strongly associated with higher homicide rates in countries with lower average IQ. These findings raise questions about how secularization might differentially affect groups of different mean cognitive ability.
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The record
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Topic
- Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Field
- Social Sciences
- Canadian institutions
- University of British Columbia
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- ReligiosityHomicidePsychologyCognitionAffect (linguistics)SecularizationIntelligence quotientDevelopmental psychologyHuman factors and ergonomicsInjury preventionPoison controlSocial psychologyDemographyPsychiatrySociologyMedicine
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes