Experimental Evaluation of Inelastic Higher-Mode Effects on the Seismic Behavior of RC Structural Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most midrise and high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings rely on RC structural walls as their seismic force resisting system. The contribution of higher lateral modes to the elastic response of RC structural walls produces base shear forces significantly larger than those resulting from the static code procedure. The relative contribution of higher lateral modes increases due to an additional dynamic effect occurring while the RC wall is yielding at the base. Accordingly, the first-mode contribution saturates and reduces as its corresponding period elongates and higher modes assume a more relative contribution. This paper describes an original pseudodynamic hybrid test that has been used to experimentally measure the shear amplification during an earthquake excitation of a model shear wall structure. The experimental results show that the shear amplification factor due to nonlinear higher modes effects can be larger than 1.5. Additionally, the test results indicate that the modern structural codes appear to be conservative in calculating the shear force resistance of RC structural walls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".