Least Squares Approximation via Sparse Subsampled Randomized Hadamard Transform
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solving least squares (LS) problems is a major topic in many applications. With recent data explosion, traditional approach is no longer suitable while working with large datasets, instead, randomized algorithms become popular in addressing this issue. In this article we propose a new randomized algorithm - sparse subsampled randomized Hadamard transform (SpSRHT) for solving overdetermined least squares problems. Its unique block structure connects two most commonly used randomized algorithms subsampled randomized Hadamard transform (SRHT) and sparse subspace embedding (SpEmb) and creates a general framework which contains them as special cases. We have shown theoretically that SpSRHT with different parameters reaches the relative-error bound with sketch size ranging from the sketch size required by SpEmb to SRHT. The new algorithm closes the gap between SRHT and SpEmb which provides the possibility of balancing accuracy and efficiency demonstrated in them. This advantage of SpSRHT is also well illustrated in our numerical experiments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it