Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gao, X., Tenuta, M., Nelson, A., Sparling, B., Tomasiewicz, D., Mohr, R. M. and Bizimungu, B. 2013. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 1-11. This study examined the effect of N fertilizer application rate on N2O emissions for irrigated potato production on a clay loam soil near Carberry, Manitoba, over two growing seasons. Treatments were an unfertilized control, and urea-N fertilizer application rates of 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha-1, which were applied as split applications. The marketable yield increased at 80 kg N ha-1 relative to the unfertilized control, but did not respond to higher rates of fertilizer. Peak emission of N2O followed fertilizer application and rain or irrigation events. Emission rates following fertilizer application and water addition events were greater from hill than from furrow position in 2009, but not in 2010. In the latter, ponding of water in furrows likely resulted in the greater emissions than from the hill positions. Cumulative N2O emissions and yield based N2O intensity increased linearly with N application rate. The growing season emission factor (EFgs) for percent of added N emitted as N2O was 0.73% and did not increase with N application rate. The adjusted whole-year emission factor (EFwy) assuming 30% of annual emissions are emitted during winter and thaw was 1.04%, being lower than the Canadian IPCC Tier II protocol value of 1.72% for irrigated cropland in Canada. The lower measured EFwy may be because the protocol assumes that under irrigation water input (rain plus irrigation) equals potential evapotranspiration (PET) from May to October, implying no restriction of N2O emissions by water limitation. For the current study, however, the ratio of water input to PET averaged 70%, suggesting water may have restricted N2O emission, therefore resulting in a lower EFwy than predicted by the Tier II protocol. The results of the current study also suggest that a reduction in N2O emissions can be achieved by avoiding fertilizer N applications beyond optimal for marketable yield, limiting irrigation soon after application of N fertilizer, and managing irrigation to prevent ponding of water in furrows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".