Ultrasound for Membrane Fouling Control in Wastewater Treatment and Protein Purification Downstream Processing Applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Membrane fouling is one of the major issues encountered in membrane filtration including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Membrane fouling can occur due to the reversible and irreversible deposition of particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, and other types of elements. As a consequence, fouling causes a significant decrease in the permeate flux due to plugging of membrane pores, and adsorption of fouling material on the membrane’s surface and/or in the pore walls. A lot of research efforts have been directed towards fouling remediation techniques or membrane cleaning alternatives. Although most of these methods are relatively functional, they have drawbacks and limitations. Among these methods, the use of ultrasound has been shown to be effective in enhancing mass transfer, cleaning, disinfection, and controlling fouling. In membrane filtration processes, ultrasound can help accelerating the permeate flux towards the membrane and decreasing the concentration of solutes accumulated in the membrane pores and on the membrane surfaces. Ultrasonic fouling control does not require chemical cleaning and can maintain a high permeate flux throughout the filtration process. In addition, wastewater contaminants can be degraded by ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound creates unique physicochemical conditions, which can be used as an effective tool for membrane fouling control. In this chapter, ultrasound radiation as a unique method to modify physical and chemical properties of a complex fluid with applications in wastewater treatment and protein purification process is highlighted. At first, ultrasonic parameters and how their ability to enhance the delivery of fluid flow to the membrane surface and affect the physical and chemical properties of foulants are discussed. Furthermore, various ultrasonic methods, including continuous and intermittent waves, and its influences on membrane fouling, permeate flux, membrane cleaning and flux recovery are reviewed. The main role of wave streaming as a driving force for fluid acceleration and antifouling control, and the impact of ultrasound-generated bubble cavitation on preventing and removing fouling deposits are described. The challenges of current ultrasonic techniques, which need to be addressed so as to facilitate their widespread and successful implementation, are explored. This chapter examines how the periodic compression/rarefaction cycles of ultrasound can influence mass transfer and membrane fouling. Also, the current knowledge and approaches to advance ultrasonic technology as an effective method for membrane fouling remediation in wastewater treatment and protein purification downstream processing are presented in this chapter.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it