Improved Performance of Flywheel Fast Charging System (FFCS) Using Enhanced Artificial Immune System (EAIS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are worldwide tendencies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions toward sustainable communities. The increase in the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important strategy, which requires the development of regular and fast charging infrastructures. A flywheel fast charging system (FFCS) is proposed to provide reliable fast charging infrastructures for e-buses and EVs using flywheel technology. This paper presents an advanced computational intelligence technique based on an enhanced artificial immune system (EAIS) to improve the performance of the FFCS to support transportation electrification. FFCSs are optimally integrated with utility grid networks, where they offer loading balance and grid protection from any collapse. In addition, the FFCS can achieve a significant reduction in energy costs and maximize energy supply from clean energy resources. The EAIS is an advanced optimization technique that is proposed to tune the optimal dynamic parameters of the FFCS to achieve the improved response. MATLAB/Simulink simulations show results that prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".