Power Control Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Spectrum Sharing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the current researches, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in resource management for the next generation wireless communication network. However, traditional RL cannot solve the continuous and high dimensional problems. To handle these problems, the concept of deep neural network (DNN) is introduced into RL to solve high dimensional problems. In this paper, we first construct an information interaction model among primary user (PU), secondary user (SU) and wireless sensors in a cognitive radio system. In the model, the SU is unable to get the power allocation information of the PU, and needs to use the received signal strengths (RSSs) of the wireless sensors to adjust its own power. The PU allocates transmit power relying on its power control scheme. We propose an asynchronous advantage actor critic (A3C)-based power control of SU that is a parallel actor-learners framework with root mean square prop (RMSProp) optimization. Multiple SUs learn power control scheme simultaneously on different CPU threads, reducing neural network gradient update interdependence. To further improve the efficiency of spectrum sharing, the distributed proximal policy optimization (DPPO)-based power control is proposed which is an asynchronous variant of actor-critic with adaptive moment (Adam) optimization. It enables the network to converge quickly. After several power adjustments, the PU and the SU meet quality of service (QoS) requirements and achieve spectrum sharing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".