Computational fluid dynamics modelling of hydrocarbon fires in open environments: Literature review
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrocarbon fuels are involved in most major fire accidents occurring in industrial facilities. Due to the need for an in‐depth understanding of the phenomena associated with hydrocarbon fires, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been widely employed in the field of fire risk analysis over the last decades. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive compilation and discussion of the most important aspects involving CFD modelling to simulate hydrocarbon fires in open environments. The fire sizes simulated, the fuels used, the codes employed, the variables of interest measured, the simulation purposes and the results accuracy have been examined through a wide literature survey, which includes peer‐reviewed journals and congress papers dating from the 90s until now.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it