Radiation doses from 161Tb and 177Lu in single tumour cells and micrometastases
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining importance. For TRT to be also used as adjuvant therapy or for treating minimal residual disease, there is a need to increase the radiation dose to small tumours. The aim of this in silico study was to compare the performances of 161 Tb (a medium-energy β − emitter with additional Auger and conversion electron emissions) and 177 Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, with various distributions of the radionuclide. Methods We used the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code CELLDOSE to compute the radiation doses delivered by 161 Tb and 177 Lu to single cells (14 μ m cell diameter with 10 μ m nucleus diameter) and to a tumour cluster consisting of a central cell surrounded by two layers of cells (18 neighbours). We focused the analysis on the absorbed dose to the nucleus of the single tumoral cell and to the nuclei of the cells in the cluster. For both radionuclides, the simulations were run assuming that 1 MeV was released per μ m 3 (1436 MeV/cell). We considered various distributions of the radionuclides: either at the cell surface, intracytoplasmic or intranuclear. Results For the single cell, the dose to the nucleus was substantially higher with 161 Tb compared to 177 Lu, regardless of the radionuclide distribution: 5.0 Gy vs. 1.9 Gy in the case of cell surface distribution; 8.3 Gy vs. 3.0 Gy for intracytoplasmic distribution; and 38.6 Gy vs. 10.7 Gy for intranuclear location. With the addition of the neighbouring cells, the radiation doses increased, but remained consistently higher for 161 Tb compared to 177 Lu. For example, the dose to the nucleus of the central cell of the cluster was 15.1 Gy for 161 Tb and 7.2 Gy for 177 Lu in the case of cell surface distribution of the radionuclide, 17.9 Gy for 161 Tb and 8.3 Gy for 177 Lu for intracytoplasmic distribution and 47.8 Gy for 161 Tb and 15.7 Gy for 177 Lu in the case of intranuclear location. Conclusion 161 Tb should be a better candidate than 177 Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, regardless of the radionuclide distribution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it