Effects of Coinfection on the Dynamics of Two Pathogens in a Tick-Host Infection Model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
As both ticks and hosts may carry one or more pathogens, the phenomenon of coinfection of multiple tick-borne diseases becomes highly relevant and plays a key role in tick-borne disease transmission. In this paper, we propose a coinfection model involving two tick-borne diseases in a tick-host population and calculate the basic reproduction numbers at the disease-free equilibrium and two boundary equilibria. To explore the impact of coinfection, we also derive the invasion reproduction numbers which indicate the potential of a pathogen to persist when another pathogen already exists in tick and host populations. Then, we obtain the global stability of the system at the disease-free equilibrium and the boundary equilibrium, respectively, and further demonstrate the existence conditions for uniform persistence of the two diseases. The final numerical simulations mainly verify the theoretical results of coinfection.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it