3D-printed fuel-cell bipolar plates for evaluating flow-field performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the last decade, many researchers have focused on developing fuel-cell flow-field designs that homogeneously distribute reactants with an optimum pressure drop. Most of the previous studies are numerical simulations and the few experimental studies conducted have used very simple flow-field geometries due to the limitations of the conventional fabrication techniques. 3D printing is an excellent rapid prototyping method for prototyping bipolar plates (BPPs) to perform experiments on new flow-field designs. The present research investigates the applicability of different 3D-printed BPPs for studying fluid-dynamic behaviour. State-of-the-art flow-field designs are fabricated using PolyJet 3D printing, stereolithographic apparatus (SLA) 3D printing and laser-cutter technologies, and the pressure-drop and velocity profiles are measured for each plate. The results demonstrate that SLA BPPs have great promise in serving as a screening tool in modifying flow-field design with a small feature size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".