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CONTRAST: Container-based Transcoding for Interactive Video Streaming

2020· article· en· W3034988621 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicVideo Coding and Compression Technologies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTranscodingComputer scienceQuality of experienceReal-time computingFrame rateCodecVideo post-processingFrame (networking)Interactive videoMultimediaVideo processingMultiview Video CodingComputer networkQuality of serviceVideo trackingOperating systemArtificial intelligence

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Interactive video streaming applications are becoming increasingly popular. To maintain the Quality of Experience (QoE) of an end user, interactive streaming platforms need to transcode a video stream, i.e., adapt the quality of the video content, to match the network conditions between the platform and the user as well as the device capabilities of the end user. Modern video codecs such as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) require significant computational resources for transcoding operations. Consequently, there is a need for systems that can perform transcoding quickly at runtime to sustain the real-time performance required for interactive streaming while at the same time using just the right amount of computational resources for the transcoding operations. This paper addresses this need by designing and implementing CONTRAST, a Container- based Distributed Transcoding Framework for Interactive Video Streaming. For any given stream and transcoding resolution, CONTRAST exploits a profiling technique to automatically determine the degree of parallelism, Le., the number of processing cores, demanded by the transcoding process to sustain the stream’s frame rate. It then launches Docker containers configured with the required number of cores to perform the transcoding. Experiments using a set of realistic video streams show that CONTRAST is able to sustain the frame rate requirements for interactive streams in a more resource efficient manner compared to baseline techniques that do not consider the degree of parallelism. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first to establish best practices for implementing transcoding platforms for interactive streaming videos encoded using a modem video codec.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.938
Threshold uncertainty score0.436

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.269
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it