KAMU HARCAMALARI EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İÇİN DESTEK Mİ? ENGEL Mİ? G7 ÜLKELERİNDE ASİMETRİK NEDENSELLİK TESTİ
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are quite different views on the direction and magnitude of the causal relationship between public expenditures and economic growth. According to classical economics, expansionary fiscal policies negatively affect economic growth, but Keynesian economics adopts that public expenditures will increase income through the multiplier mechanism. On the other hand, the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis argues that the increase in public expenditures will not affect economic growth. The Wagner Hypothesis assumes a relationship from economic growth to public expenditures. The relationship between these variables are very important in terms of determining the macroeconomic policies. This study examines the causality relationship between public expenditures and economic growth with the Hatemi-J (2011;2012) asymmetric causality test for the G7 countries based on the data from the period of 1950-2011. According to the findings, while there is a causality relationship from public expenditures to economic growth in Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Canada. There is a causal relationship from economic growth to public expenditures in Japan and U.S. There is no causal relationship between these variables in France.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it