A Study of Condom Using Behavior and Its Related Factors among College Students in Taiwan.
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situations of condom using behavior and its related factors among college students in Taiwan. There were two phases in the study. In phase I, 50 students from one college in the eastern, southern, middle and northern parts of Taiwan were selected to form a focus group, and were interviewed in order to further understand the reasons why they used and did not use condoms, so the information obtained became the basis of the questionnaire design. In phase II, by using stratified sampling (group sampling) method, a total of 1,200 freshmen from 12 colleges in Taiwan were selected. The results were as the followings after statistical analysis: Generally speaking, students continued to use condoms when they better understood the benefits of using condoms, such as preventing STDs, being a contraceptive, respecting the female partner and protecting oneself, decreasing the harm from rape, etc. The reasons for not using condoms are: afraid of mining the atmosphere during the first sexual intercourse, worrying about losing sexual feelings, unexpected sexual act with impulse, embarrassing to request for using the condom, and for women submitting to the male partner's sex act. INTRODUCTION According to the Disease Control Bureau (2003), there were 4,644 HIV positives between 1984-2003, among which, 36.4% were at the age level of 20-29; 33.51%, between 30-39. It is obvious that the rate of AIDS infection is increasing every year. Yen's study (Yen et al, 1998) on the sexual behavior of the male and female students in 5-year junior colleges in Taipei, who had dating behavior, indicated that the boys' premarital sex behavior increased from 20.7% in 1979 to 35.2% in 1997, and the girls' increased from 4% to 6.9%, close to 60% more, a large increasing scale. There was a similar situation in Japan as many unmarried females had frequent sexual activities, especially the girls between 15 and 25 of age, whose sexual experience (79.0%) is much higher, compared with other age levels [24-29, (63.7%), 30-39, (58.0%), 40-49, (56.1%)] (Wang, 1999). In Lin's survey (2002) 13.9% of males and 10.4% of females had sexual behavior. The rate of female sexual behavior is higher than the rate (6.9%) in Yen et al's study. The findings of another study investigating the night school students' sexual behavior in 2-year junior colleges by Yang (Yang et al, 1998) are as follows: 68.5% of male students had multiple sex partners while 33.6% of female students did. More than one million adolescent girls get pregnant in the United States each year. Besides the pregnancy problem, the teenagers are facing risks of having various STDs, including AIDS. Being the focus of some studies, the majority of young adolescents had sexual behavior and often had multiple sex partners without the habit of using condoms. Again, in the United States, the number of females with HIV positive is increasing rapidly, with the rate of more than 75% in 1994 (CDC, 1995),and was once soaring up to 80% in 2000( CDC, 2003). Having sexual contacts with male HIV positives is the major cause (38%), and vein drug injection is another cause (20%) (CDC, 2003). In order to lower the incidence of HIV, people need to have safer sex. Using the condom correctly throughout the sex act has been known as the way to prevent AIDS, STDs and unexpected pregnancy (Forrest, 1990). However, the use of condoms is not popular. Hillman (1992) found in his study that only 28% of teenagers used condoms during the first intercourse. Only 57% of 17-year old boys and 45% of 17-year old girls in west Canada used condoms in their recent sexual intercourse (Health Canada, 1996). Richardson, Beagley, Delaney and Langille(1997) revealed that more boy students(54%) than girl students(34%) used condoms in sexual activities, and condoms were more frequently used by students of the 13-15 age level, among which boys had a more apparent negative attitude in using condoms than girls. …
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it